It's been 3 months since I arrived in the US, and a friend recently suggested that I could give an overview of the current electric vehicle situation in the US. It is a pity that my heart is not enough, I personally went to very few places, so I can only report to you what I have seen, and synthesize the information publicly available on the Internet.
Unlike in China, where new energy vehicles have green license plates, the U.S. license plates do not differentiate between electric and fuel vehicles.
U.S. states have their own requirements for license plates, some states only require the rear of the car hanging license plate, some require the front and back to hang, but the style is basically the same, the license plate with the name of the state. In addition, in the United States, the license plate number can be selected, on the road have seen only 3 letters of the license plate.
So it's hard to tell at a glance by the license plate if a car is fuel or electric.
I have seen charging stations in 3 places so far, once at a gas station next to a highway with a row of charging stations. Another time was in Chicago, where I just saw signs indicating charging posts in an underground parking lot. The most recent was in a parking lot in Ann Arbor when there was an electric horse charging at that stake, but from the looks of the stake, I couldn't tell how powerful it was, just that it was an AC stake.
Chicago's Millennium Park neighborhood
Chargepoint charging stake in a parking lot in Ann Arbor
In fact, the vast majority of cars I see on the road are fuel cars, but I do see Tesla Tesla often, saw a Rivian once, and haven't seen any domestic electric cars like BYD.
The following information is from the internet:
- According to the Federal Highway Administration, Americans drive an average of 21,600 kilometers per person per year, which is equivalent to driving about 60 kilometers per day.
- The domestic situation, said single car driving about 10,000 kilometers a year, then, 10,000/365 = 27 kilometers per day.
In addition, the United States driving speed is very high, high speed everyone is 120km / h drive, according to the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration report in 2015, the average speed on the highway 70.4mph ( about 112.64km / h ), the main arteries average speed of 56.4mph ( about 90km / h ), secondary roads 49.7mph ( about 80km / h )
Current global electric vehicle market:
These are the top 20 OEMs in new energy sales for the year 2022:
Below is the trend of the market share of new energy vehicles in China and the US in their own countries (BEV/PHEV/FCEV) as of June 2023: the US is currently close to 10% and China 35.8%. China's new energy market share will reach about 10% around February 2021. The United States sells 132,000 new energy vehicles in 2023.6.
This is by group, the first half of 2023 U.S. car sales: unit (units)
This is by model:
Currently the major new energy vehicle manufacturers in the U.S.: EV company.
- Tesla
- GM General Motors (Bolt, Lyric, Hummer, Silverado (Truck), Blazer (Mid size SUV))
- Stellantis (BEV not yet available, mainly PHEV for now)
- VW (ID series)
- Ford (Mach e, F150 Lightning, Transit)
- Rivian
- KN (KIA)
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) - an important policy affecting investment by automotive and component companies.
The Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law in August 2022, after which a number of revised EV-related provisions became effective on April 18, 2023, applying to vehicles purchased on or after that date (regardless of the actual date of manufacture of the vehicle).
Under the key provisions of the bill, a tax credit of up to $7,500 is available for compliant vehicles, provided the following conditions are met:
1. the first $3,750 of the tax credit is available provided that at least 50 percent of the battery components in the vehicle were manufactured or assembled in North America.
2. for the second $3,750 tax credit: at least 40% of the critical battery minerals must be mined or processed in the U.S. or a country with which the U.S. has a free trade agreement.
The starting point of the Continuing Amendment is to promote U.S.-based EV component/vehicle production and/or to encourage companies to source components or vehicles from countries with which the U.S. has signed free trade agreements. The primary goal of this initiative is to ultimately reduce dependence on China (especially for lithium) and other countries and to bring as many aspects of EV component and vehicle production into the U.S. as possible.
Vehicles must be assembled in North America (i.e., the U.S., Canada, and Mexico). The location of the assembly plant is the only consideration, regardless of the car brand or the country of the car company. This new requirement means that vehicles such as the current BMW i4, Hyundai Ioniq5, Kia EV6 and Toyota bZ4X are no longer eligible for the tax credit.
The provisions relating to key materials and battery components have also been revised as follows:
1. Vehicles that are fully eligible for the tax credit are subject to the following condition: in fiscal year 2023, at least 50 percent of the battery components in the vehicle must be manufactured or assembled in North America. This minimum share requirement will increase by 10 percent per year through 2029. By 2029, all battery components or related parts for the vehicle must be sourced entirely from North America.
2. no less than 40% of battery materials must be sourced and/or recycled locally in North America or from countries with which the U.S. has signed free trade agreements. This percentage requirement will likewise increase in annual increments, ultimately reaching 90% in 2028. It is important to note that vehicles and/or batteries must not be manufactured in countries on the list of "Countries of Particular Concern" (i.e., China and Russia), and components must not be sourced from those countries.
Major U.S. Pile Companies: Tesla
- Tesla
- ChargePoint, the company, driver.chargepoint.com
- Electrify America.
- Evgo
- Walmart
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, there are 51,000 public charging stations in the U.S. as of 2023.03, as detailed in the Alternative Fuels Data Center.
California has the most, with about 14,040 public charging stations and about 37,987 posts.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy's website (as of 2023.08), the number of charging stations in California has risen to 14,919, with a total of 40,390 charging ports, of which 30,757 are Level 2 AC charging ports and 9,399 are DC charging ports.
Note: In the US, AC Level 2 charger: 240V <80A (19.2kW), which can be installed by individuals at home (240V requires connecting 2 110V ports in parallel).
As a comparison, I looked for data about charging stations and piles in China:
By the end of 2020, according to the China Charging Union, the China Charging Union has received reports from its members:
807,000 public charging piles.
Among them, 498,000 AC charging piles, accounting for 61.68%;
309,000 DC charging piles, accounting for 38.27%;
By the end of 2022, according to Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, Feb. 13, 2022 China:
- The number of charging infrastructure reached 5.2 million units, a year-on-year growth of nearly 100%.
○ Among them, public charging infrastructure grew by about 650,000 units, with the cumulative number reaching 1.8 million units;
○ Private charging infrastructure grew by about 1.9 million units, with the cumulative number exceeding 3.4 million units.
As of March 2023, according to the China Charging Alliance, members within the alliance reported a total of:
- ○ 1.958 million public charging piles.
○ 1.136 million AC charging piles.
○ Of these, 822,000 units of DC charging piles,
- From April 2022 to March 2023, the average monthly number of new public charging piles will be about 61,000 units.
The world is wide open and there is much to be done!
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